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As a major agricultural commodity, achieving pollution-free production of rice is already quite difficult, let alone organic food.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
In 2009, a scientific and technological team led by researcher Lü Shihua from the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences used their own efforts and technological breakthroughs to make this goal a reality: at three organic rice experimental sites in Pixian, Jianyang, and Ziyang, without the application of pesticides and chemical fertilisers, the rice yield per mu all exceeded one thousand jin, the processed rice sold for 4 yuan per jin yet was in short supply, and the output value per mu was nearly 3,000 yuan. “The production of organic rice now has relatively mature technology. Any farmer who masters basic rice production techniques and implements the technology properly can obtain文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
success.” When reporters interviewed Lü Shihua on 9 August, that was his reply.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Key technology 1: Rice film mulching cultivation文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Plastic film mulching cultivation of rice not only ensures a yield of half a tonne per mu even under extreme drought conditions, but also effectively prevents the hazards of low-temperature-induced stunted growth. It is precisely this technology that effectively suppresses weeds, reduces the incidence of diseases such as sheath blight and rice false smut, and brings about a qualitative leap in the yield of organic rice.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Method of operation: Dig a perimeter ditch about 25 cm wide and 20 to 30 cm deep at a distance of 0.8 metres from the upper and lower ridges, reaching the plough pan is best. For larger trench fields, dig a middle ditch about 25 cm wide and 20 cm deep right down the centre of the field. The bed ditches should be about 20 cm wide and 15 cm deep, with a bed width of 145 cm. The soil shovelled out during ditching should be evenly spread over the bed surface, breaking up any clods to achieve a level field and smooth mud. Before preparing the field, evenly apply well-rotted farmyard manure, and remove any hard objects and unrotted straw from the field. Be sure to use grade-one ultra-thin plastic film that is 0.004 mm thick and 170 to 180 cm wide, with a generally required amount of 3.3 to 3.6 kg per mu. Apply the film after levelling the bed surface, ensuring that the plastic film clings tightly to the soil of the bed surface without leaving any gaps, to prevent it from being blown away by the wind and weeds growing underneath the film.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Notes:文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
1. Understand the issue. This technology is an integrated innovation of multiple technical measures and cannot be simply understood as plastic film mulching; therefore, comprehensive management must be emphasised.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
2. The plastic film issue. Before harvesting rice and planting the next crop, the film must be removed and collected to prevent white pollution. Based on production experience, it is best to remove the film while the paddy field still retains a certain amount of moisture. Another point that requires special attention is that high-quality film must be purchased; cheap, inferior film breaks too early, failing to serve the purpose of covering while also being impossible to collect, and due to its greater thickness and higher usage per mu, the cost becomes excessive.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
3. Bed-making issues. First, the width of the beds must be standardised. If the width is not standardised, it will affect the rice planting density or increase the amount of plastic film used. Secondly, the bed surface must be levelled; otherwise, the film cannot cling closely to the bed surface, failing to suppress weeds and instead encouraging weed growth.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
4. Ditching issues. Side ditches must be connected across the entire field to ensure smooth water flow. Low-lying fields should have deeper ditches to prevent water logging and silt accumulation on the beds.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
5. Flooding issue. From transplanting until water control and field drying—that is, the tillering stage—the water must not submerge the bed surface, and there should only be water in the furrows. If the water submerges the bed surface, firstly, it will cause the plastic film to float, and secondly, the warming of the bed surface will be hindered, affecting tillering and thereby greatly reducing the effectiveness of film mulching.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
6. Crop succession. Xiaochun is unsuitable for growing wheat; otherwise, the wheat straw is difficult to clear and easily punctures the plastic film. Instead, no-till rice straw mulching can be used to grow rapeseed, potatoes or vegetables. This is beneficial for both film mulching and early rice transplanting, thereby increasing yields and financial income.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Key technology two: Physical pest control with no residue文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Installing frequent-oscillation insecticidal lamps is an essential tactic in organic rice production. This physical pest control method leaves no pesticide residue. Judging by the results of their application, frequent-oscillation insecticidal lamps offer numerous benefits:文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Strong lure and kill capability. It can attract and kill nearly 1,300 species of harmful insects, specifically targeting adults, reducing the egg-laying rate by about 70%, which can lower the pest population base for the next generation or the following year. A single grid-type insecticidal lamp can effectively control pests across 30 to 50 acres.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
2. Minimal impact on beneficial insects. The target pests killed by the vibrating screen/pest control lamp are mainly Lepidoptera, whereas beneficial insects mostly belong to non-Lepidoptera orders, resulting in a very low probability of catching them. Multi-site trials show the ratio of beneficial to harmful insects trapped is between 1:100 and 1:148.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
3. Good contiguous area effect. The concentrated, contiguous and continuous use of vibrating-screen insecticidal lamps will achieve better control effects.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
4. Easy to operate and low cost. The hanging trap light is effective as soon as it is powered on. It turns on automatically at dusk and off at dawn, and can turn off automatically when it rains at night, turning back on once the rain stops. Pest-surging lamps generally have a lifespan of about 5 years, consume about 0.3 units of electricity per day, and cost less than 20p in electricity. The collected insects can be used to feed poultry and fish. Large-scale application near fish ponds and poultry farms is even more beneficial for improving economic returns.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
5. Maintain the ecological balance. This can greatly reduce pesticide inputs, ease farmers' labour intensity, lower environmental pollution, effectively protect natural predators of pests, and ensure safety for humans and livestock.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Operating instructions and precautions for vibratory insect-killing lamps:文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
1. The vibratory insecticidal lamp is simple to use and install; it can be attached to utility poles on both sides of the road or suspended from a sturdy object and secured with No. 8 galvanized iron wire.
Operating instructions: One trap per 30 to 50 mu, with a distance of 180 to 200 metres between traps and a height of 1.5 to 1.8 metres above the ground, arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The traps should be hung from early May to late October. When installing, ensure that the power supply is stable, otherwise the service life may be affected. Switch on the power and press the switch; the indicator light will illuminate to indicate that it has entered the working state.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
2. As a special light source, the vibrating pest control lamp cannot be used for lighting.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Do not touch the high-voltage grid after turning on the power, and do not turn on the light during thunderstorms. Clean the dirt on the high-voltage grid in good time. After the trapping work is finished for the day, turn off the light immediately to clear the insect source, and brush away the insect dirt on the light with a brush.文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/
Source: Sichuan Rural Daily文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/en/11254/