6.1 Domestic Organic Product Output Value and Trade Estimation
6.1.1 Domestic Organic Product Output Value
The relevant data on organic product output value used for analysis in this section also comes from the China Food and Agricultural Products Certification Information System. Each certified enterprise reports the certified organic product output and output value (estimated value assuming all organic products are sold) to the organic certification body, which then uniformly reports them to the information system.
China's organic products are mainly divided into four major categories: plant products, livestock and poultry products, aquatic products, and processed products. The output value data is estimated by enterprises based on their own production conditions and reported to the Food and Agricultural Products Information System. According to statistics, in 2014, the total output value of various organic products was 116.4 billion yuan. The output value of processed products was 75 billion yuan, among which the output value of processed liquid milk and cream reached 28 billion yuan, accounting for 64.4% of the total output value of organic products; the output value of grains was 8.5 billion yuan, accounting for 7.3%; followed by fruits and nuts at 7.6 billion yuan, accounting for 6.5%. The output value of these three categories of products accounted for 78.3% of the total output value (Table 6-1).
Figure 6-1 shows the total output value of organic products for four consecutive years from 2011 to 2014, which were 72.8 billion yuan, 59.7 billion yuan, 81.6 billion yuan, and 116.4 billion yuan, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, in recent years, with the increase in organic product production area and product varieties, the output value of organic products has also continued to increase. Except for a decrease in the output value of organic products in 2012, the output value of organic products in 2013 and 2014 continued to increase, with the output value of organic products in 2014 increasing by more than 40% compared to 2013.
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6.1.2 Filing of China Organic Product Labels
In 2012, China established a 17-digit organic code management system featuring “one product, one code,” requiring that the organic code must be used on the smallest sales package of certified products. When applying for organic labels and organic codes, enterprises must specify in detail the product names and output quantities they intend to sell, and report them through certification bodies to the China Food and Agricultural Products Certification Information System. The relevant data on organic product output value used for analysis in this section also comes from this information system.
In 2014, 1.056 billion organic labels were filed, of which 727 million were for milk, accounting for 68.9%. Figure 6-2 shows the top ten products by number of organic label filings in 2014 (excluding milk). Baijiu (Chinese liquor) accounted for 36 million labels (of which Guizhou Moutai liquor accounted for 27 million), yogurt 28 million, rice 20 million, vegetables and wine each 13 million, sterilized milk 12 million, broken-wall Ganoderma lucidum spore powder 9 million, milk powder 8 million, and grain products 7 million. The total number of organic label filings for these ten categories of products accounted for 82.8% of the total organic label filings.
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Among the 22 organic certification bodies, the top five in terms of the number of organic product label filings were Zhonglv Huaxia, Wuzhou Hengtong, and Liaoning Fangyuan (Figure 6-3). Zhonglv Huaxia's organic label filings accounted for 51.22% of the total organic label filings, Nanjing Guohuan accounted for 29.45%, Hangzhou Wantai accounted for 7.11%, and Wuzhou Hengtong and Liaoning Fangyuan accounted for 1.92% and 1.84%, respectively. The combined proportion of organic label filings by these five certification bodies reached as high as 91.54%.
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By region, apart from Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong, all remaining 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions had organic label filings. Inner Mongolia had the highest number at 455 million, followed by Guizhou at 35 million, Heilongjiang at 30 million, Shandong at 26 million, and Guangdong at 17 million. Six other provinces and municipalities including Zhejiang and Shanghai had more than 10 million filings; 13 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions including Xinjiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Sichuan had between 1 million and 10 million filings; and 7 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions including Henan, Chongqing, and Tianjin had fewer than 1 million organic label filings (Figure 6-4).
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From 2012 to 2014, the number of organic product label filings showed a clear increasing trend, with increases in every quarter (Figure 6-5). In 2013, there was an increase of 39.4% compared to 2012, and in 2014, there was an increase of 47.9% compared to 2013.
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6.1.3 Domestic Verified Sales Volume of Organic Products (When applying for organic product labels, enterprises must specify in detail the product names and weights they intend to sell. The verified sales volume discussed in this section refers to the weight reported by enterprises when applying for organic labels, which can represent their sales volume but is not entirely equivalent, as some products may not be sold within the year.)
In 2014, the total verified sales volume for organic product labels issued was 432,000 tons, of which processed products accounted for 354,000 tons, representing 81.9%; followed by plant products at 73,000 tons, accounting for 16.8%; aquatic products at 4,000 tons, and livestock and poultry at 1,000 tons. Livestock and poultry products only include poultry eggs, while livestock and poultry meat and meat products are statistically included in processed products. Livestock and poultry chilled fresh meat accounted for 2,000 tons.
6.1.3.1 Plant Products
In 2014, the verified sales volume for labels issued for plant products was 73,000 tons, of which grains accounted for 38,000 tons, representing 52.2%; followed by fruits at 20,000 tons, accounting for 26.9%; vegetables at 12,000 tons; and soybeans and oil crops, nuts, and other plants had relatively low verified sales volumes for labels issued, with other plants accounting for only 264 tons (Figure 6-6).
The verified sales volume for labels issued for grains was 38,000 tons, with eight categories of grain products including rice, millet, and miscellaneous grains all being sold. Wheat had the highest verified sales volume for labels issued at 27,000 tons, accounting for 70.1%, followed by corn at 5,000 tons (11.9%), millet at 4,000 tons (10.1%), and miscellaneous grains at 2,000 tons. The verified sales volumes for labels issued for paddy rice, sorghum, oats, and barley were all less than 200 tons, with barley having only 13 tons.
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There are many varieties of vegetables. In this section, vegetables are divided into three types: root and tuber vegetables, leafy vegetables, and melon and fruit vegetables. The verified sales volume for labels issued for vegetables was 12,000 tons, of which leafy vegetables had the highest verified sales volume for labels issued at 7,000 tons (56.6%), followed by melon and fruit vegetables at 4,000 tons (31.1%), and root and tuber vegetables at the lowest with 1,000 tons (12.3%).文章源自FOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/am/11574/
In 2014, the verified sales volume for labels issued for organic fruits was 20,000 tons, with fruit varieties including pomelo, apple, melons, pear, jujube, etc. Pomelo had the highest verified sales volume for labels issued at 10,000 tons, accounting for 50.0%, followed by apple at 3,000 tons, accounting for 14.1%. The verified sales volumes for labels issued for melons, other fruits, sweet oranges, pears, and jujubes were all over 1,000 tons. The verified sales volume for labels issued for organic nuts was 807 tons, with nuts mainly being walnuts, chestnuts, and other nuts. Walnuts had a verified sales volume for labels issued of 492 tons, accounting for more than half of the total verified sales volume for nuts.
The verified sales volume for labels issued for soybeans and oil crops was only 2,000 tons. Other plants, such as plant-based traditional Chinese medicine and aromatic plants, had a verified sales volume for labels issued of only 264 tons.
6.1.3.2 Livestock, Poultry, and Aquatic Products
In 2014, the verified sales volume for labels issued for poultry eggs was 1,401 tons, of which chicken eggs accounted for 1,398 tons, and duck eggs and quail eggs accounted for 4 tons and 0.1 tons, respectively.
In 2014, the verified sales volume for labels issued for organic aquatic products was 4,400 tons, of which fish accounted for 2,000 tons, representing 48.6%, followed by aquatic plant products at 2,000 tons, accounting for 43.8%. Crustaceans, invertebrates, and soft-shelled turtles had relatively low verified sales volumes for labels issued, at 297 tons and 40 tons, respectively.
6.1.3.3 Processed Products
In 2014, the verified sales volume for labels issued for organic processed products was 354,000 tons, of which processed liquid
milk or cream accounted for 191,000 tons, ranking first at 54.1%; followed by grain milling products at 61,000 tons, accounting for 17.2%; processed feed and alcoholic beverages each at 30,000 tons, and other dairy products at 12,000 tons. The combined verified sales volume for labels issued for processed products with volumes exceeding 10,000 tons accounted for 91.3% of the total verified sales volume for labels issued for processed products. The verified sales volumes for labels issued for vegetable oil processing, processed or preserved vegetables, etc. were all below 10,000 tons. See Figure 6-7.
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6.1.4 Estimation of Domestic Sales of Organic Products
The sales of organic products are estimated based on the verified sales volume for labels issued and current organic product prices (organic product prices are estimated based on conventional product prices: organic product prices vary by category, ranging from 2 to 4 times the price of conventional products). In 2014, the sales of organic products were 30.2 billion yuan, of which organic processed products accounted for 28.37 billion yuan, representing 93.7% of total sales; followed by plant products at 1.62 billion yuan, accounting for 5.4%; aquatic products and livestock and poultry had sales of 240 million yuan and 40 million yuan, respectively. For livestock and poultry, only the sales of poultry eggs are counted, while livestock and poultry meat is statistically included in processed products.
In 2014, the sales of plant-based organic products were 1.61 billion yuan, of which fruits accounted for 590 million yuan, representing 36.4%; followed by grains at 390 million yuan, vegetables at 310 million yuan, and nuts at 230 million yuan; other plants, soybeans, and other oil crops had relatively low sales, with the combined total being 90 million yuan. Although the verified sales volume for labels issued for nuts was far smaller than that for vegetables, their sales were similar, mainly because the prices of nuts such as walnuts and pine nuts are far higher than the prices of vegetables (Figure 6-8).
In 2014, the sales of organic aquatic products were 240 million yuan, of which fish (freshwater fish and marine fish) accounted for 120 million yuan, representing 48.5%; followed by crustaceans and invertebrates at 60 million yuan, accounting for 24.8%; plant-based aquatic products at 50 million yuan, and aquatic vertebrates (soft-shelled turtles) had the lowest sales at only 10 million yuan. Although the verified sales volume for labels issued for crustaceans and invertebrates was far lower than that for plant-based aquatic products, due to their higher prices, their sales exceeded those of plant-based aquatic products. In 2014, the sales of livestock and poultry products were 36.47 million yuan, of which chicken eggs accounted for 36.34 million yuan.
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In 2014, the sales of organic processed products were 28.37 billion yuan, of which alcoholic beverages accounted for 11.83 billion yuan, representing 41.7%; followed by processed liquid milk or cream at 5.74 billion yuan, accounting for 20.2%. Although the verified sales volume for labels issued for processed liquid milk or cream was as high as 191,000 tons, its price is far lower than that of alcoholic beverages, so its sales were lower than those of alcoholic beverages. Products with sales exceeding 1 billion yuan also included other dairy products (4.80 billion yuan), tea (2.02 billion yuan), and grain milling products (1.21 billion yuan). The total sales of these products accounted for 90.2% of the total sales of organic processed products. The sales of vegetable oil, food not elsewhere classified, processed or preserved vegetables, meat products and by-product processing, and starch and starch products ranged from 100 million to 1 billion yuan; the sales of processed products such as noodle and other grain flour products, fruit juice, and vegetable juice were all below 100 million yuan (Figure 6-9).
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6.2 China Organic Product Export Trade
6.2.1 Overview of China Organic Product Export Trade
In 2014, China's total organic product export trade value was 586 million USD, with a total trade volume of 284,700 tons. In terms of trade value, processed products had the largest trade value at 403 million USD, accounting for 68.8% of the total trade value; followed by primary agricultural products at 173 million USD (29.4%), wild-collected products at 7.7147 million USD (1.3%), and animal products at 2.1914 million USD (0.3%) (Table 6-2).
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In terms of trade volume, primary agricultural products ranked first at 135,300 tons, accounting for 47.5% of the total trade volume, followed by processed products at 119,100 tons (41.7%), wild-collected products at 29,900 tons (10.5%), and animal products at 400 tons (0.1%). Although the trade volume of processed products was less than that of primary agricultural products, their trade value was significantly higher than that of primary agricultural products. The trade value of organic processed products accounted for more than half of the organic product export trade value, and the trade volume was also close to half (Table 6-3).
6.2.2 Export Trade Regions of Chinese Organic Products
In 2014, China's organic products were exported to more than 30 countries and regions. These countries are mainly distributed in Europe, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Denmark, and other countries; followed by Asia, including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand; North America, including the United States and Canada; and Oceania, including Australia and New Zealand. China's organic products were also exported to South America, Africa, and the Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions.
In 2014, the region with the largest export value of Chinese organic products was Europe at 470 million USD, accounting for 80.2% of the total export value; followed by North America at 63.4316 million USD (10.8%) and Asia at 43.6046 million USD (7.4%). Among the more than 30 countries and regions to which China's organic products were exported, the top ten countries by trade value were, in order, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Japan, Italy, Denmark, Austria, and Canada. The total trade value of these ten countries was 500 million USD, accounting for 85.5% of China's total export trade value in 2014 (Figure 6-10).
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In terms of trade volume, Europe also ranked first at 143,500 tons (50.4%), followed by North America at 69,100 tons (24.2%) and Asia at 67,200 tons (23.6%). The total trade volume of South America, Oceania, Africa, and the Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions was only 4,600 tons. In terms of trade volume, the top ten countries were Japan, the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, and Spain. The total trade volume of these ten countries and regions was 256,800 tons, accounting for 90.0% of the total export trade volume. Japan ranked first in trade volume but sixth in trade value, because 86.3% of its trade volume consisted of primary agricultural products and wild-collected products (Figure 6-11).
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