On April 24, the 14th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress voted to pass the newly revised Food Safety Law, completing the first amendment of the Food Safety Law after nearly five years in force.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new Food Safety Law underwent two deliberations by the 9th and 12th sessions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and was revised three times. The new law consists of 10 chapters and 154 articles, 50 more than the current Food Safety Law's 10 chapters and 104 articles.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new Food Safety Law has been dubbed the “strictest in history.” So, what new safeguards will this new Food Safety Law, which will officially take effect on October 1 this year, bring to “safety on the tip of the tongue”? And in what ways is the “strictest in history” strict?Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new law shows its “sharp teeth” and establishes a severe punishment system.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
On April 24, at a special press conference held by the National People's Congress on the newly revised Food Safety Law and Advertising Law, Teng Jiacai, deputy director of the State Food and Drug Administration, introduced that the new Central Committee of the Party and the State Council attached great importance to the amendment of this Food Safety Law and put forward the “four strictest” requirements for food safety work, namely, “using the most rigorous standards, the strictest supervision, the severest punishment, and the most serious accountability to reflect the enforcement strength of food safety supervision.”Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Compared with the old law, the new Food Safety Law increases criminal, administrative, and civil legal liability for illegal and criminal acts related to food safety. Huang Wei, deputy director of the Administrative Law Office of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, stated that the purpose of this amendment is to govern chaos with severe measures and to better deter and crack down on illegal acts.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Specifically, the new law has made relatively major reforms in the investigation and handling of illegal acts.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
First, the new law stipulates that once a food safety problem occurs, law enforcement departments must first determine whether the illegal act constitutes a criminal offense. If it is a criminal offense, the public security department shall directly conduct investigation and pursue criminal liability. Only if it does not constitute a criminal offense shall the administrative law enforcement department impose administrative penalties.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Before the amendment, the Food Safety Law only provided in the last article of the chapter on legal liability that “if a violation of this Law constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.”Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
“The addition of this article fully reflects the principle of severe punishment and also responds to the concerns of the general public,” Teng Jiacai said. To strengthen the punishment of illegal and criminal elements, the new law also contains two provisions. First, those sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or a heavier penalty for food safety crimes shall be permanently prohibited from engaging in food production and operation management work.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Second, the penalty of administrative detention was added, whereas the current Food Safety Law has no provision for restricting personal freedom as a penalty for illegal acts that are not subject to criminal liability. Teng Jiacai pointed out that, in reality, many lawbreakers are not afraid of fines but are afraid of being detained and arrested. In response to this situation, the new law adds administrative detention as a penalty for serious illegal acts that persist despite repeated prohibitions, such as illegally adding non-food substances, dealing in dead or diseased livestock and poultry, and illegally using highly toxic or highly toxic pesticides.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In terms of fines, the new law also substantially increases the amount of fines for certain illegal acts. For example, for illegal acts such as producing and operating food with added drugs, or producing and operating infant formula milk powder whose nutritional composition does not meet national standards, the Food Safety Law before amendment provided for a maximum fine of 10 times the value of the goods, while the new law raises it to 30 times.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In addition, the newly revised Food Safety Law also adds penalties for the illegal provision of premises and strengthens the pursuit of civil legal liability.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In addition to severe punishment for illegal acts, the new law also adds an accountability system—a system of regulatory authorities' responsible persons being summoned for talks.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new law stipulates that if food and drug supervision and management departments at or above the county level fail to promptly discover systemic food safety risks or fail to promptly eliminate food safety hazards within their supervision and management areas, the people's government at the same level may conduct accountability talks with their principal responsible persons. If local people's governments fail to perform food safety duties or fail to promptly eliminate major regional food safety hazards, the people's government at the next higher level may conduct accountability talks with their principal responsible persons.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Among them, the food and drug supervision and management departments and local people's governments whose responsible persons are summoned for talks shall immediately take measures to rectify food safety supervision and management work.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
“Three major ”hard injuries“—”nine dragons governing the waters,“ ”broken regulatory chain,“ and ”small vendors and peddlers still in a regulatory vacuum"—were improved.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
On February 9, 2015, at a seminar on the Food Safety Law held in Beijing, experts pointed out that the existing Food Safety Law's “many dragons governing the waters,” “broken regulatory chain,” and “small vendors and peddlers still in a regulatory vacuum” were the three major “hard injuries” urgently needing resolution. (On March 9, 2015, China Economic Weekly reported on this under the title “Experts Dispute the Three Major ‘Hard Injuries’ of the Food Safety Law, Calling for Legislation to Emphasize Both Timeliness and Effectiveness.”)Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
This amendment did not avoid these three major “hard injuries,” and through the provisions of the new law, it can be seen that the above “hard injuries” have all been significantly improved.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In recent years, food safety problems have occurred frequently, and public opinion generally believes the reason is multi-department management, presenting a situation of “many dragons governing the waters.” In this regard, the new Food Safety Law devotes considerable attention. The new law requires improving a unified and authoritative food safety regulatory body, changing from segmented supervision to unified supervision by food and drug administration departments.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In response, Huang Wei stated that in 2013 the National People's Congress passed the State Council institutional reform and functional transformation plan. According to this plan, the State Council made a major adjustment to the current food safety regulatory system. Originally, supervision was segmented, with the quality inspection, industry and commerce, and food and drug administration departments separately supervising food production, circulation, and catering services. The new regulatory system adjusts segmented supervision to unified supervision by food and drug administration departments over food production and operation activities. The improvement made by this new law is precisely to clarify the new institutional changes and provide a legal basis for law enforcement by regulatory departments.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
At the same time, food production and operation is a complete chain. How to strengthen supervision over every link in it and avoid a broken regulatory chain is also a problem that the new Food Safety Law must solve.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Liu Zhaobin, a senior researcher at Peking University's Institute for Rule of Law and Development, once pointed out loopholes in China's food safety regulatory chain: “From the perspective of the international community, the food safety laws of the United States, Japan, and the European Union basically achieve full-chain management from farm to table, while our chain is broken. The Food Safety Law only starts from food processing and extends to circulation and catering.”Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In response, the new Food Safety Law provides for the strictest whole-process management of all links, including production, processing, sales, and catering services.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new law stipulates that the state establishes a whole-process food safety traceability system. Food producers and operators shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, establish a food safety traceability system to ensure that food is traceable. The state encourages food producers and operators to use information technology to collect and retain production and operation information and establish a food safety traceability system. The food and drug supervision and management department of the State Council, together with relevant departments such as the agriculture administration department of the State Council, shall establish a collaborative mechanism for whole-process food safety traceability.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Huang Wei stated that the food safety chain is long, from farmland to table, involving many links and many problems. How to strengthen full-chain control of the production and operation process and strengthen risk management during supervision—this new law can be said to respond to these new issues raised in practice.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
In addition, “small vendors and peddlers still in a regulatory vacuum” is also one of the three major “hard injuries” of the existing Food Safety Law. According to statistics, since the implementation of the Food Safety Law, regarding specific management measures for food vendors, no more than 8 provinces among the more than 30 provinces nationwide have legislated through provincial-level people's congresses, and including provinces that have formulated government rules, the number does not exceed 15. In other words, food vendors in China are almost in a state of regulatory vacuum.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Liu Zhaobin said bluntly that this is the biggest hidden concern for current food safety: “China has about 350,000 small and micro food processing enterprises, accounting for 80% of the total number of food enterprises. Five or six years have passed since the implementation of the Food Safety Law, yet supervision over this part has surprisingly been ignored.”Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new law requires all localities to formulate specific management measures for small food production and processing workshops and food vendors. According to the newly revised Legislation Law, where a law explicitly requires a state organ to make supporting provisions on a specialized matter, the relevant state organ shall make such provisions within one year of the law's implementation.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
The new Food Safety Law will take effect on October 1 this year, which means that before October 1 next year, every province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government must formulate specific management measures for small processing workshops and small vendors.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Reprinted from China Economic Weekly.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/
Full text of the new edition of the Food Safety Law.
Comparison of revisions between the old and new Food Safety Law.Artikel berasal dariFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/ms/11530/