กฎหมายการประมงแห่งสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน

(ผ่านมتبัญญัติ ณ การประชุมสามัญครั้งที่ 14 ของคณะกรรมการประจำสภาประชาชนแห่งชาติชุดที่ 6 เมื่อวันที่ 20 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2529 (ค.ศ. 1986) และแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมตาม "คำตัดสินเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขเพิ่มเติม 'กฎหมายการประมงแห่งสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน'" ในการประชุมสามัญครั้งที่ 18 ของคณะกรรมการประจำสภาประชาชนแห่งชาติชุดที่ 9 เมื่อวันที่ 31 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2543 (ค.ศ. 2000)) 　...บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Chapter I General ProvisionsบทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of enhancing the protection, increase, development and rational utilization of fishery resources, developing artificial cultivation, protecting the lawful rights and interests of fishery producers, promoting the development of fishery production, and meeting the needs of socialist construction and the people's livelihood.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 2 All fishery production activities, such as breeding and fishing aquatic animals and plants, conducted in the inland waters, tidal flats, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be governed by this Law.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 3 In fishery production, the State shall adopt the principle of giving priority to cultivation, with cultivation, fishing and processing carried out simultaneously and with emphasis laid on different aspects in accordance with local conditions.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

People's governments at all levels shall incorporate fishery production into the plans for national economic development and take measures to strengthen the unified planning and comprehensive utilization of waters.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 4 The State shall encourage scientific and technological research in fishery and the popularization of advanced technology, and raise the scientific and technological level of the fishery industry.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 5 People's governments at all levels shall give spiritual or material rewards to units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the increase and protection of fishery resources, in the development of fishery production, and in scientific and technological research in fishery.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 6 The department of fishery administration under the State Council shall be in charge of fishery administration throughout the country. The departments of fishery administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of fishery administration within their respective administrative areas. The departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level may set up fishery administration and supervision agencies in important fishery waters and fishing ports.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level and the fishery administration and supervision agencies subordinate to them may appoint fishery inspectors. Fishery inspectors shall execute the tasks assigned by the departments of fishery administration and the fishery administration and supervision agencies subordinate to them.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 7 The State shall exercise unified leadership and decentralized management in the supervision and administration of the fishery industry.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Marine fishery shall be supervised and administered by the departments of fishery administration under the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government adjacent to the sea, with the exception of the sea areas and fishing grounds with specific fishery resources that are designated by the State Council to be supervised and administered by the department of fishery administration under the State Council and the fishery administration and supervision agencies subordinate to it.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Fishery in rivers, lakes and other waters shall, in accordance with the division of administrative areas, be supervised and administered by the departments of fishery administration under the relevant people's governments at or above the county level; in the case of waters that straddle administrative areas, the relevant local people's governments at or above the county level shall, through consultation, formulate measures for administration, or the department of fishery administration under the people's government at the next higher level and the fishery administration and supervision agencies subordinate to it shall supervise and administer them.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 8 Foreigners and foreign fishing vessels that enter the waters under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China to engage in fishery production or fishery resources survey activities must be approved by the relevant competent departments under the State Council and shall comply with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China; where there are treaties or agreements concluded with the People's Republic of China, the provisions of such treaties or agreements shall apply.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The State fishery administration and fishing port supervision and administration agencies shall exercise the power of fishery administration and fishing port supervision and administration in external relations.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 9 Departments of fishery administration and the fishery administration and supervision agencies subordinate to them as well as their staff members may not participate in or engage in fishery production and operation activities.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Chapter II CultivationบทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 10 The State shall encourage units under ownership by the whole people, units under collective ownership and individuals to make full use of waters and tidal flats suitable for cultivation to develop the cultivation industry.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 11 The State shall make unified plans for the utilization of waters and determine the waters and tidal flats that may be used for cultivation. Where units or individuals use the waters and tidal flats under ownership by the whole people that are designated by State plans for cultivation, the users shall submit applications to the departments of fishery administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level, and the people's governments at the corresponding level shall issue cultivation permits to permit them to use such waters and tidal flats for cultivation and production. The specific measures for issuing cultivation permits shall be formulated by the State Council.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Waters and tidal flats under collective ownership, or under ownership by the whole people but used by agricultural collective economic organizations, may be contracted by individuals or collectives for cultivation and production.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 12 When issuing cultivation permits, local people's governments at or above the county level shall give priority to local fishery producers.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 13 Where disputes arise among parties over the use of waters and tidal flats designated by State plans for cultivation for cultivation and production, they shall be handled in accordance with the procedures prescribed by relevant laws. Before the disputes are resolved, no party may damage cultivation and production.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 14 Where the State constructs projects and requisitions waters and tidal flats under collective ownership, the provisions on land requisition in the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 15 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall take measures to strengthen the protection of commodity fish production bases and important cultivation waters in the suburbs of cities.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 16 The State shall encourage and support the selection, breeding and popularization of improved aquatic varieties. New aquatic varieties must be examined and approved by the National Aquatic Original Species and Improved Variety Examination and Approval Committee and approved by the department of fishery administration under the State Council before they may be popularized.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The import and export of aquatic fry and fingerlings shall be examined and approved by the department of fishery administration under the State Council or the departments of fishery administration under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The production of aquatic fry and fingerlings shall be examined and approved by the departments of fishery administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level, except where fishery producers breed and use aquatic fry and fingerlings themselves.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 17 The import and export of aquatic fry and fingerlings must be quarantined to prevent the introduction of diseases into the country and their spread abroad. The specific quarantine work shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations on the entry and exit quarantine of animals and plants.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The introduction of genetically modified aquatic fry and fingerlings must undergo safety evaluation, and the specific administration work shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 18 The departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen technical guidance for cultivation and production and disease prevention and control.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 19 In cultivation and production, no bait or feed containing toxic or harmful substances may be used.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 20 In cultivation and production, the ecological environment of waters shall be protected, the cultivation density shall be scientifically determined, and bait, fertilizer and drugs shall be rationally applied, and no environmental pollution of waters may be caused.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Chapter III FishingบทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 21 The State shall take measures in such areas as finance, credit and taxation to encourage and support the development of distant-water fishing, and shall, on the basis of the fishable quantity of fishery resources, arrange fishing capacity in inland waters and offshore waters.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 22 In accordance with the principle that the fishing quantity is lower than the growth quantity of fishery resources, the State shall determine the total allowable catch of fishery resources and implement a fishing quota system. The department of fishery administration under the State Council shall be responsible for organizing surveys and assessments of fishery resources to provide a scientific basis for implementing the fishing quota system. The total allowable catch in the inland seas, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be determined by the department of fishery administration under the State Council and, after being submitted to the State Council for approval, shall be decomposed and issued level by level; the total allowable catch in important rivers and lakes determined by the State shall be determined by the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or through consultation, and shall be decomposed and issued level by level. The distribution of the total allowable catch shall reflect the principles of fairness and justice, and the distribution measures and results must be made public to society and subject to supervision.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

The department of fishery administration under the State Council and the departments of fishery administration under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of the fishing quota system, and where the fishing quota targets issued by higher authorities are exceeded, the excess shall be deducted from the fishing quota targets for the following year.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 23 The State shall implement a fishing license system for the fishing industry.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Fishing licenses for large marine trawl and purse seine operations and for fishing operations in fishing areas under common management as determined by agreements concluded between the People's Republic of China and relevant countries or on the high seas shall be approved and issued by the department of fishery administration under the State Council. Fishing licenses for other operations shall be approved and issued by the departments of fishery administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level; however, the approval and issuance of fishing licenses for marine operations may not exceed the vessel and gear control targets issued by the State, and the specific measures shall be prescribed by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Fishing licenses may not be bought, sold, leased or transferred in any other form, and may not be altered, forged or falsified.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

To engage in fishing operations in sea areas under the jurisdiction of other countries, approval by the department of fishery administration under the State Council shall be obtained, and the relevant treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China and the laws of the relevant countries shall be complied with.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 24 A fishing license may be issued only to those that meet the following conditions:บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

(1) having a fishery vessel inspection certificate;บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

(2) having a fishery vessel registration certificate;บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

(3) meeting other conditions prescribed by the department of fishery administration under the State Council.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Fishing licenses approved and issued by the departments of fishery administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be commensurate with the fishing quota targets issued by the departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at the next higher level.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 25 Units and individuals engaged in fishing operations must conduct operations in accordance with the provisions of the fishing license regarding the type of operation, place, time limit, quantity of fishing gear and fishing quota, and shall comply with the State's provisions on the protection of fishery resources. Large and medium-sized fishing vessels shall fill in fishing logs.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 26 Vessels engaged in fishing operations that are manufactured, updated, modified, purchased or imported must pass inspection by fishery vessel inspection departments before they may be launched for operation. The specific administration measures shall be prescribed by the State Council.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 27 The construction of fishing ports shall comply with the unified plans of the State and follow the principle that whoever invests shall benefit. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen supervision and administration of fishing ports located within their respective administrative areas and maintain the normal order of the fishing ports.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Chapter IV Increase and Protection of Fishery ResourcesบทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 28 The departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall make unified plans for the fishery waters under their administration and take measures to increase fishery resources. The departments of fishery administration under the people's governments at or above the county level may collect fishery resource increase and protection fees from beneficiary units and individuals, to be used exclusively for the increase and protection of fishery resources. The measures for collecting fishery resource increase and protection fees shall be formulated by the department of fishery administration under the State Council together with the finance department and shall be implemented after being submitted to the State Council for approval.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 29 The State shall protect aquatic germplasm resources and their living environments, and shall establish aquatic germplasm resource protection areas in the main growth and breeding areas of aquatic germplasm resources with relatively high economic value and genetic breeding value. Without approval by the department of fishery administration under the State Council, no unit or individual may engage in fishing activities in aquatic germplasm resource protection areas.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

Article 30 It is prohibited to use methods such as explosives, poisons and electricity that damage fishery resources for fishing. It is prohibited to manufacture, sell or use prohibited fishing gear. It is prohibited to conduct fishing in closed fishing areas and during closed fishing periods. It is prohibited to use fishing gear smaller than the minimum mesh size for fishing. The proportion of juvenile fish in the catch may not exceed the prescribed proportion. During closed fishing areas or closed fishing periods, it is prohibited to sell illegally caught aquatic products.บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　重点保护的渔业资源品种及其可捕捞标准，禁渔区和禁渔期，禁止使用或者限制使用的渔具和捕捞方法，最小网目尺寸以及其他保护渔业资源的措施，由国务院渔业行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府渔业行政主管部门规定。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十一条　禁止捕捞有重要经济价值的水生动物苗种。因养殖或者其他特殊需要，捕捞有重要经济价值的苗种或者禁捕的怀卵亲体的，必须经国务院渔业行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府渔业行政主管部门批准，在指定的区域和时间内，按照限额捕捞。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　在水生动物苗种重点产区引水用水时，应当采取措施，保护苗种。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十二条　在鱼、虾、蟹洄游通道建闸、筑坝，对渔业资源有严重影响的，建设单位应当建造过鱼设施或者采取其他补救措施。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十三条　用于渔业并兼有调蓄、灌溉等功能的水体，有关主管部门应当确定渔业生产所需的最低水位线。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十四条　禁止围湖造田。沿海滩涂未经县级以上人民政府批准，不得围垦；重要的苗种基地和养殖场所不得围垦。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十五条　进行水下爆破、勘探、施工作业，对渔业资源有严重影响的，作业单位应当事先同有关县级以上人民政府渔业行政主管部门协商，采取措施，防止或者减少对渔业资源的损害；造成渔业资源损失的，由有关县级以上人民政府责令赔偿。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十六条　各级人民政府应当采取措施，保护和改善渔业水域的生态环境，防治污染。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　渔业水域生态环境的监督管理和渔业污染事故的调查处理，依照《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》的有关规定执行。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十七条　国家对白鳍豚等珍贵、濒危水生野生动物实行重点保护，防止其灭绝。禁止捕杀、伤害国家重点保护的水生野生动物。因科学研究、驯养繁殖、展览或者其他特殊情况，需要捕捞国家重点保护的水生野生动物的，依照《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》的规定执行。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第五章　法 律 责 任บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十八条　使用炸鱼、毒鱼、电鱼等破坏渔业资源方法进行捕捞的，违反关于禁渔区、禁渔期的规定进行捕捞的，或者使用禁用的渔具、捕捞方法和小于最小网目尺寸的网具进行捕捞或者渔获物中幼鱼超过规定比例的，没收渔获物和违法所得，处五万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，没收渔具，吊销捕捞许可证；情节特别严重的，可以没收渔船；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　在禁渔区或者禁渔期内销售非法捕捞的渔获物的，县级以上地方人民政府渔业行政主管部门应当及时进行调查处理。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　制造、销售禁用的渔具的，没收非法制造、销售的渔具和违法所得，并处一万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第三十九条　偷捕、抢夺他人养殖的水产品的，或者破坏他人养殖水体、养殖设施的，责令改正，可以处二万元以下的罚款；造成他人损失的，依法承担赔偿责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十条　使用全民所有的水域、滩涂从事养殖生产，无正当理由使水域、滩涂荒芜满一年的，由发放养殖证的机关责令限期开发利用；逾期未开发利用的，吊销养殖证，可以并处一万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　未依法取得养殖证擅自在全民所有的水域从事养殖生产的，责令改正，补办养殖证或者限期拆除养殖设施。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　未依法取得养殖证或者超越养殖证许可范围在全民所有的水域从事养殖生产，妨碍航运、行洪的，责令限期拆除养殖设施，可以并处一万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十一条　未依法取得捕捞许可证擅自进行捕捞的，没收渔获物和违法所得，并处十万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，并可以没收渔具和渔船。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十二条　违反捕捞许可证关于作业类型、场所、时限和渔具数量的规定进行捕捞的，没收渔获物和违法所得，可以并处五万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，并可以没收渔具，吊销捕捞许可证。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十三条　涂改、买卖、出租或者以其他形式转让捕捞许可证的，没收违法所得，吊销捕捞许可证，可以并处一万元以下的罚款；伪造、变造、买卖捕捞许可证，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十四条　非法生产、进口、出口水产苗种的，没收苗种和违法所得，并处五万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　经营未经审定批准的水产苗种的，责令立即停止经营，没收违法所得，可以并处五万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十五条　未经批准在水产种质资源保护区内从事捕捞活动的，责令立即停止捕捞，没收渔获物和渔具，可以并处一万元以下的罚款。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十六条　外国人、外国渔船违反本法规定，擅自进入中华人民共和国管辖水域从事渔业生产和渔业资源调查活动的，责令其离开或者将其驱逐，可以没收渔获物、渔具，并处五十万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，可以没收渔船；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十七条　造成渔业水域生态环境破坏或者渔业污染事故的，依照《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》的规定追究法律责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十八条　本法规定的行政处罚，由县级以上人民政府渔业行政主管部门或者其所属的渔政监督管理机构决定。但是，本法已对处罚机关作出规定的除外。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　在海上执法时，对违反禁渔区、禁渔期的规定或者使用禁用的渔具、捕捞方法进行捕捞，以及未取得捕捞许可证进行捕捞的，事实清楚、证据充分，但是当场不能按照法定程序作出和执行行政处罚决定的，可以先暂时扣押捕捞许可证、渔具或者渔船，回港后依法作出和执行行政处罚决定。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第四十九条　渔业行政主管部门和其所属的渔政监督管理机构及其工作人员违反本法规定核发许可证、分配捕捞限额或者从事渔业生产经营活动的，或者有其他玩忽职守不履行法定义务、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的行为的，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第六章　附 则บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/

　　第五十条　本法自1986年7月1日起施行。บทความมาจากFOFCC-http://fofcc.org.cn/th/11214/